ArticleDeveloping and systematically implementing participatory action research1☆,
Section snippets
Definition of PAR
The term participatory action research was coined by Hall4(p7) to describe “an integrated activity that combines social investigation, educational work, and action.” It is important to note that this approach was intended to be a research activity—a systematic study of a situation that resulted in the production of knowledge.19 Although subsequent authors often cite Hall, they have defined PAR in a variety of ways. For example, Whyte14 has emphasized the applied aspect of PAR by writing that
Key implementation elements
Several key implementation elements could facilitate the application of PAR. Following the example of Redmon et al,36 we examined the disability-related PAR literature for strategies on how to incorporate this approach into the research process. We also relied on Danley and Ellison’s handbook37 for participatory action researchers. Four elements of implementation have been identified: (1) participant selection and recruitment, (2) role and relationship clarification for researchers and
Conclusions
Many authors1, 9, 10, 60 have asserted that the PAR approach has substantial benefits. These advantages are said to result in better science and better practice. Moreover, they relate well to the concept of social validity.8, 108 This article has described a systematic approach to implementing PAR in the field of disability and rehabilitation. We have shown that PAR, as an element of the research process, has been mostly described in anecdotal and qualitative reports. Future research needs to
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Supported in part by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, US Department of Education (grant nos. H133B000500, H133B980013).
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