Clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines involving children*
| NCT number | NCT04551547 |
| S | Sinovac Research and Development |
| EA | 3–17 years |
| PC | China |
| NCT number | NCT04471519 |
| S | Bharat Biotech International |
| EA | 12–65 years |
| PC | India |
| NCT number | NCT04683484 |
| S | Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock |
| EA | 12–75 years |
| PC | Vietnam |
| NCT number | NCT04566770 |
| S | CanSino Biologics |
| EA | 6 years and older |
| PC | China |
| NCT number | NCT04535453 (Postponed. See text)† |
| EudraCT number | 2020-002584-63 (children not eligible in EU countries) |
| S | Janssen Vaccines & Prevention (subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson) |
| EA | 12 years and older 18 years and older (until 3 December 2020) |
| PC | Brazil, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, UK, USA |
| EudraCT number (2021) | 2020-005720-11 |
| S | Janssen Vaccines & Prevention |
| EA | From birth to 17 years; 18–55 years |
| PC | Sites planned: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Finland, Italy, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, UK, USA |
| ISRCTN | ISRCTN90906759 |
| NCT number | NCT04400838 |
| EudraCT number | 2020-001228-32 (UK—only adults) |
| S/C | University of Oxford/AstraZeneca |
| EA | 18 years and older (participants aged 5–12 no longer eligible) 5–12 years; 18 years and older (until early December 2020) |
| ISRCTN (2021) | ISRCTN15638344 (Postponed. See text)‡ |
| S/C | University of Oxford/National Institute for Health Research (UK); AstraZeneca |
| EA | 6–17 years |
| PC | UK |
| NCT number | NCT04299724 |
| S | Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute |
| EA | 6 months to 80 years |
| PC | China |
| NCT number | NCT04276896 |
| S | Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute |
| EA | 6 months to 80 years |
| PC | China |
| NCT number | NCT04368728 |
| EudraCT number | 2020-002641-42 (children not eligible in the EU) |
| S/C | BioNTech/Pfizer |
| EA | 12 years and older 16 years and older (from 25 September 2020 to 13 October 2020); 18 years (until 24 September 2020) |
| PC | Argentina, Brazil, Germany, South Africa, Turkey, USA |
| NCT number (2021) | NCT04713553 |
| S/C | BioNTech/Pfizer |
| EA | 12–50 years 18–55 years (until 8 February 2021) |
| PC | USA |
| NCT number (2021) | NCT04816643 |
| S/C | BioNTech/Pfizer |
| EA | 6 months to 11 years |
| PC | USA |
| NCT number | NCT04649151 |
| S | ModernaTX |
| EA | 12–17 years |
| PC | USA |
| NCT number (2021) | NCT04796896 |
| S | ModernaTX |
| EA | 6 months to 11 years |
| PC | USA |
| NCT number (2021) | NCT04863638 |
| S | China National Biotec Group |
| EA | 3 years and older |
| PC | China |
| NCT number (2021) | NCT04800133 |
| S | The University of Hong Kong |
| EA | 11 years and older |
| PC | Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China |
| NCT number (2021) | NCT04611802 |
| S | Novavax |
| EA | 12 years and older 18 years and older (until 26 April 2021) |
| PC | Mexico, USA (paediatric extension not applicable to Puerto Rico) |
| NCT number (2021) | NCT04773067 |
| S | United Biomedical, Asia |
| EA | 12–85 years |
| PC | Taiwan |
Data current as of 1 May 2021.
*Created by the authors. Data sources: ClinicalTrials.gov database (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home); EU Clinical Trials Register-EudraCT database (www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/); and ISRCTN registry (www.isrctn.com/). The search terms were ‘vaccine’ and ‘vaccination’, combined with ‘COVID-19’ and ‘SARS-CoV-2’. In the ISRCTN registry database, the search term used was ‘infections and infestations’. The lists of projects obtained were refined in order to exclude passive immunity strategies (convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies) and treatments with substances of chemical origin, as well as other activities, such as vaccine-promoting initiatives. The searches were conducted twice: on 1 January 2021 and 1 May 2021. The criteria followed, in the order of presentation of the studies listed in this table, are as follows: in the first instance, the degree of technological innovation (from inactivated vaccines to messenger RNA (mRNA)-based ones, with no intention of establishing any comparative ranking of vaccines within the same class); in the second instance, chronological order (2020, then 2021), except when the same sponsor had already registered a trial in children during 2020, in which case the 2021 trial is listed immediately below that sponsor’s earlier trial.
†Suspended from 16 April 2021 to 8 July 2021, according to the history of changes at the ClinicalTrials.gov registry. From 9 July to 28 September 2021: active, not recruiting.
‡Ongoing, not currently recruiting.
EA, eligible ages; EU, European Union; EudraCT number, EU Clinical Trials identifier; ISRCTN, International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number; NCT number, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier; PC, participating countries; S, sponsor; S/C, sponsor/collaborators.