Ethical violations | % of Studies | # of Studies (N) | |
Participant selection | Reported POC (either incarcerated or inpatients) | 27 | 13 |
Incarcerated | 50 | 23 | |
Psychotic disorders | 15 | 7 | |
Incarcerated and psychotic disorders | 6 | 3 | |
High risk dosing schedules | High doses* | 38 | 18 |
Psychedelics administered >once per week; >5 times overall | 47 | 22 | |
>1 Drug administered / in rapid succession (no rationale/hypothesis) | 43 | 20 | |
At least one of the above dosing schedules | 77 | 36 | |
Unethical treatment | Differential treatment based on race | 4 | 2 |
Undue influence | 52 | 25 | |
No informed consent | 60 | 29 | |
A single ethical violation | 21 | 10 | |
Multiple ethical violations | 70 | 33 | |
Studies with zero ethical violations identified | 11 | 5 |
*That is, lysergic acid diethylamide >200 μg; psilocybin >30–35 mg (not more than 0.5 mg/kg); dimethyltryptamine >0.4 mg/kg (~30 mg); mescaline>400 mg oral.
POC, people of colour.