Table 2

Doctors’ professional roles and accountabilities

RoleAdministrator and gatekeeperProfessionalPatient’s advocatePrivate, individual
Accountable toSociety
Health authorities
Medical quality
Professional association
Peers
Patient
Next of kin
Self, including personal core moral values
Core moral norm(s)Act in accordance with laws and system requirements
Take responsibility for population health and for fair distribution of resources.
Adhere to good practice and professional ethicsEnsure care is in line with patient’s views and interestsDo not act contrary to personal core values and interests