Frequency of clinician education and guidance about decision-making norms
| Decision-making norm discussed | Conferences, n (%) |
| Explanation of Buchanan and Brock’s Principles of surrogate decision-making | 16 (23) |
| Stated preferences standard | 4 (6) |
| Substitute judgement standard | 13 (18) |
| Best interest standard | 0 (0) |
| Decisions should be patient centred | 10 (14) |
| Decisions should be family centred | 6 (8) |