Table 3

Group mean comparisons (t tests): Personal values and case-specific attitudes

			Chemotherapy			Assisted suicide
Value			Risk-relative standard (option 2)	versus	Equal standard (option 3)	Risk-relative standard (option 1)	versus	Equal standard (option 2)	Personally convinced: yes (option 3)	versus	Personally convinced: no
	M	SD	t		p Value	t		p Value	t		p Value
Self-direction—thought	5.13	0.565	0.775		0.439	−1.013		0.311	−0.202		0.84
Self-direction—action	5.23	0.618	−0.302		0.762	−0.674		0.501	0.286		0.775
Stimulation	3.91	0.941	0.406		0.685	0.656		0.512	−1.11		0.268
Hedonism	4.07	0.972	0.601		0.548	2.341		0.02	2.874		0.005
Achievement	4.36	0.829	−3.161		0.002	−1.293		0.197	1.285		0.199
Power—dominance	2.95	0.894	−0.813		0.416	−.077		0.938	−0.661		0.509
Power—resources	2.34	0.900	−2.829		0.005	0.116		0.907	−0.604		0.547
Face	4.01	0.917	−2.012		0.045	−0.916		0.360	0.043		0.966
Security—personal	4.15	0.780	−0.628		0.53	−0.240		0.810	0.259		0.795
Security—societal	3.97	0.946	0.779		0.436	−1.656		0.098	1.015		0.31
Tradition	3.65	1.104	−0.236		0.814	−0.933		0.351	−1.079		0.281
Conformity—rules	3.85	0.978	2.097		0.037	1.791		0.074	0.29		0.772
Conformity—interpersonal	3.96	0.882	−0.856		0.392	−2.113		0.035	−0.292		0.77
Humility	4.22	0.780	1.734		0.083	0.785		0.433	−0.41		0.682
Benevolence—dependability	5.21	0.646	−0.261		0.794	−1.351		0.177	−0.122		0.903
Benevolence—caring	5.02	0.686	−0.456		0.649	0.746		0.456	−0.53		0.597
Universalism—concern	4.75	0.786	2.604		0.009	1.019		0.309	0.498		0.619
Universalism—nature	4.37	1.014	0.471		0.638	1.689		0.092	−1.533		0.126
Universalism—tolerance	4.87	0.722	1.892		0.059	−0.042		0.966	0.205		0.837

For t tests centred value scores were used, each value centred around individuals’ mean score across all 57 value items (recommended by S H Schwartz).