Developed country studies | Developing country studies | ||||
Author | Country | Understood purpose | Author | Country | Understood purpose |
Knifed et al, 200838 | Canada | 100% | Leach et al, 199933 | The Gambia | 90% |
Ravina et al, 201036 | USA | 92.6% | Pace et al, 200528 | Thailand | 88% |
Franck et al, 200740 | UK | 85% | Minnies et al, 200824 | South Africa | 80.6% |
Howard et al, 198163 | USA | 80% | Pace et al, 200529 | Uganda | 80% |
Miller et al, 199458 | USA | 73% | Kaewpoonsri et al, 200625 | Thailand | 50% |
Van Stuijvenberg et al, 199853 | The Netherlands | 53% | Sarkar et al, 200921 | India | 43% |
Marshall et al, 200619 | USA | 41% | Marshall et al, 200619 | Nigeria | 39% |
Benson et al, 198560 | USA | 37% each in depression and schizophrenia studies | Krosin et al, 200626 | Mali | 26% |
Daugherty et al, 200050 | USA | 31% | Joubert et al, 200331 | South Africa | 28%, but 40% knew the substance being tested was vitamin A |
Harth et al, 199556 | Australia | 13% | |||
Riecken et al, 198262 | USA | 10% |
Developed country studies | Developing country studies | ||||
Author | Country | Understood nature | Author | Country | Understood nature |
Knifed et al, 200838 | Canada | 100% | Ekouevi et al, 200430 | Côte d'Ivoire | 95%–100% |
Criscione et al, 200344 | USA | 100% | Moodley et al, 200527 | South Africa | 95% |
Hietanen et al, 200051 | Finland | 100% | Minnies et al, 200824 | South Africa | 85.4% knew was research; 36.7% knew there were no immediate benefits |
Lynöe et al, 199159 | Sweden | 98% | Vallely et al, 201020 | Tanzania | 77% knew gel may not prevent HIV |
Howard et al, 198163 | USA | 92% | Hill et al, 200823 | Ghana | 75% knew was research, but 93% thought trial capsules were a ‘medicine or vitamin’ |
Ravina et al, 201036 | USA | 89% understood drugs were experimental† | Lynöe et al, 200132 | Bangladesh | 47% |
Ellis 201018 | USA | 85% | Krosin et al, 200626 | 26% | |
Penman et al, 198461 | USA | 78% | |||
Gammelgaard et al, 200441 | Denmark | 72% | |||
Riecken et al, 198262 | USA | 72% | |||
Bergenmar et al, 200837 | Sweden | ∼70% | |||
Kupst et al, 200345 | USA | 55% | |||
Schats et al, 200347 | The Netherlands | 38% | |||
Joffe et al, 200149 | USA | 30% |