Role of PDE in medical school education in the USA
| No. of respondents | Percentage (%) | |
| How familiar are you with the PDE? | ||
| Not at all familiar | 8 | 11 |
| Vaguely familiar | 3 | 4 |
| Somewhat familiar | 20 | 28 |
| Very familiar | 41 | 57 |
| How is the PDE taught to the medical students at your institution? | ||
| By name, multiple times at various points in the curriculum | 12 | 18 |
| By name, at least once at some point in the curriculum | 32 | 49 |
| Implicitly, in response to relevant situations | 13 | 20 |
| Not at all | 5 | 8 |
| Not sure | 3 | 5 |
| If the PDE is taught at your institution, what clinical examples are used to illustrate its application? | ||
| Administration of opioids to terminally patients | 46 | 72 |
| Palliative sedation | 41 | 64 |
| Termination of intrauterine pregnancy | 15 | 23 |
| Ectopic pregnancy | 13 | 20 |
| Self-defence | 7 | 11 |
| Emergency contraception | 5 | 8 |
| Other | 2 | 3 |
| Unsure | 3 | 5 |
| Not applicable (ie, not taught) | 5 | 8 |
PDE, principle of double effect.