Country of affiliation for first authors of retracted papers 2000–10, tabulated for countries with more than 10 retracted papers
| Total retractions | Error (E) | Fraud (F) | Reasons unknown | Ratio E/F | |
| USA* | 260 | 169 | 84 | 7 | 2.0 |
| China | 89 | 60 | 20 | 9 | 3.0 |
| Japan | 60 | 41 | 18 | 1 | 2.3 |
| India | 50 | 27 | 17 | 6 | 1.6 |
| UK | 45 | 36 | 7 | 2 | 5.1 |
| South Korea | 38 | 27 | 8 | 3 | 3.4 |
| Germany | 25 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 7.3 |
| Australia | 17 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 4.3 |
| Canada | 17 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 7.5 |
| Italy | 17 | 11 | 6 | 0 | 1.8 |
| Turkey | 15 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 6.5 |
| France | 13 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 12.0 |
| Greece | 12 | 10 | 0 | 2 | >10 |
| Iran | 11 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 9.0 |
| Asian nations | 237 | 155 | 63 | 19 | 2.5 |
| 34 other countries* | 119 | 80 | 25 | 14 | 3.2 |
| Overall total | 788 | 545 | 197 | 46 | 2.8 |
Countries that differ significantly from the norm are noted.
↵* χ2 analysis, 2×2 test of homogeneity, p<0.05.