Table 2

 Examples of how the text was being analysed in terms of meaning units, condensed meaning units and categories

Meaning unitUnderlying meaningCategory (condensed meaning unit)
ICD, implantable cardioverter–defibrillator.
“In case I would get anotherNo need for further informationA limited amount of information
heart stop, thereby making my sufficientbeing regarded as sufficient
heart beating again. That was all I needed to know.
I got the impression that the decision had already been made.One-way communication
I realised that I had to accept it, while being in such a high-risk situation.No real choice as life is being threatenedAccepting a passive role in the decision-making process
It was not possible for me to understand the basis for their decision.Having to rely on the medical expertise
I didn’t want to experience such episodes again. ICD could save my life, there was no choice for meNo real choice as life is being threatenedA choice with no real alternatives since life is at stake
and I wasn’t given any other choices eitherOne-way communication
I have received twelve and shocks from it. If I hadn’t had the ICD, I wouldn’t have experienced the things that I have.It’s as simple as that.A price to pay for staying a liveThe device is worth all the trouble and inconvenience