Summary of opinions about conditions for futile measures (n=43)
Year | Ref | (A1) Who decides: | (A2) What measure: | (A3) What goal: | (A4) What probability: |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a–f = slightly different statements about conditions in the same article. | |||||
(A1) The person or persons to decide (family includes proxy). | |||||
(A2) Diagnostic, therapeutic and/or nursing measure. | |||||
(A3) The relevant goal (QoL = quality of life). | |||||
(A4) Type of probability or miscellaneous. | |||||
1987 | 18 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL (benefit to the patient) | Semiquantitative |
1988 | 11 | Team | Therapeutic | QoL (recovering) | Semiquantitative |
1988 | 13a | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL (medical benefit) | Semiquantitative |
1988 | b | Physician+patient | Therapeutic | QoL | – |
1989 | 6 | Physician | Therapeutic | Patient's goal | – |
1990 | 1 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL | Quantitative |
1990 | 14 | Physician+family | Therapeutic | QoL (medical benefit) | Semiquantitative |
1991 | 19a | Physician | Therapeutic | Patient's goal | – |
1991 | b | Physician | Diagnostic+Therapeutic | – | – |
1992 | 12 | Guidelines (JAMA) | Therapeutic | Physiological+life-prolonging | Already attempted |
1992 | 19* | – | Therapeutic | – | Semiquantitative |
1992 | 46 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL | Semiquantitative |
1992 | 47 | Physician | Therapeutic | Physiological | Semiquantitative |
1993 | 23 | Physician | Therapeutic | Physiological+QoL | Semiquantitative |
1993 | 30 | Team | Therapeutic | QoL | Quantitative |
1993 | 32 | Physician | Therapeutic | Lifeprolonging | Semiquantitative |
1993 | 22a | Physician | Therapeutic | Physiological | Semiquantitative |
1993 | b | Physician | Therapeutic | Patient's/family's goal | Semiquantitative |
1994 | 24 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL (benefit) | Semiquantitative |
1994 | 25 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL (benefit) | Semiquantitative |
1994 | 34 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL | Semiquantitative |
1994 | 9 | Publ conducted eval | Therapeutic | – | – |
1995 | 17 | – | Therapeutic | QoL (recovery, benefit) | Semiquantitative |
1995 | 21 | Team | Therapeutic | QoL (benefit) | – |
1995 | 2 | Physician | Therapeutic | Physiological+QoL (beneficial) | Semiquantitative+not validated |
1995 | 3 | Physician+patient | Therapeutic | QoL (relative benefit and burden) | Possible to balance |
1995 | 15 | Physician | Therapeutic | Life-prolonging | Semiquantitative |
1995 | 26 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL (benefit) | Semiquantitative |
1995 | 37a | – | Therapeutic | QoL (benefit) | Semiquantitative |
1995 | b | – | Therapeutic | QoL (benefit or independence) | – |
1995 | c | Team | Therapeutic | – | Semiquantitative |
1995 | d | – | Therapeutic | QoL (consciousness or independence) | Quantitative |
1995 | 28 | Physician | Therapeutic | Life-prolonging+QoL | Semiquantitative |
1996 | 4 | Physician+patient | Therapeutic | QoL (benefit) | Semiquantitative |
1996 | 27 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL (clinical benefit) | Quantitative |
1996 | 31 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL (benefit) | Semiquantitative |
1996 | 33 | Physician | Therapeutic | Life-prolonging | Semiquantitative |
1997 | 39 | – | – | – | – |
1997 | 5 | Physician | Therapeutic | Life-prolonging+QoL | Semiquantitative |
1997 | 35 | Physician | Therapeutic | Life-prolonging+QoL | Semiquantitative |
1997 | 36 | Physician | Therapeutic | Cost+life-prolonging+QoL | Semiquantitative |
1997 | 38 | Physician | Therapeutic | Life-prolonging+patient's goal+QoL | Semiquantitative |
1997 | 10 | Physician | Therapeutic | Life-prolonging+QoL | – |
1997 | 40 | Physician | Therapeutic | Patient's/family's goal | – |
1998 | 43 | – | Therapeutic | Physiological+QoL (medical benefit) | – |
1998 | 29 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL | Semiquantitative |
1998 | 45 | Physician | Therapeutic | Life-prolonging+QoL | Semiquantitative |
1999 | 44 | Physician | Therapeutic | Life-prolonging+QoL | Semiquantitative |
1999 | 42 | Family | All measures | QoL | – |
2000 | 41 | Physician | Therapeutic | QoL (medical benefits) | Scientific evidence |