Method cited in articles reporting a method of identifying race or ethnicity (n = 76)
| Self-reported inclusion in population frame | 29 |
| Questionnaire or specific question | 15 |
| Recruitment | 9 |
| Interview | 5 |
| Eligible study participants determined by geographical frame | 19 |
| Presentation to medical centre | 10 |
| Record review | 5 |
| Eligible study participants determined by language frame | 4 |
| Other or variable methods | 9 |