TY - JOUR T1 - AI support for ethical decision-making around resuscitation: proceed with care JF - Journal of Medical Ethics JO - J Med Ethics SP - 175 LP - 183 DO - 10.1136/medethics-2020-106786 VL - 48 IS - 3 AU - Nikola Biller-Andorno AU - Andrea Ferrario AU - Susanne Joebges AU - Tanja Krones AU - Federico Massini AU - Phyllis Barth AU - Georgios Arampatzis AU - Michael Krauthammer Y1 - 2022/03/01 UR - http://jme.bmj.com/content/48/3/175.abstract N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly being used in healthcare, thanks to the high level of performance that these systems have proven to deliver. So far, clinical applications have focused on diagnosis and on prediction of outcomes. It is less clear in what way AI can or should support complex clinical decisions that crucially depend on patient preferences. In this paper, we focus on the ethical questions arising from the design, development and deployment of AI systems to support decision-making around cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the determination of a patient’s Do Not Attempt to Resuscitate status (also known as code status). The COVID-19 pandemic has made us keenly aware of the difficulties physicians encounter when they have to act quickly in stressful situations without knowing what their patient would have wanted. We discuss the results of an interview study conducted with healthcare professionals in a university hospital aimed at understanding the status quo of resuscitation decision processes while exploring a potential role for AI systems in decision-making around code status. Our data suggest that (1) current practices are fraught with challenges such as insufficient knowledge regarding patient preferences, time pressure and personal bias guiding care considerations and (2) there is considerable openness among clinicians to consider the use of AI-based decision support. We suggest a model for how AI can contribute to improve decision-making around resuscitation and propose a set of ethically relevant preconditions—conceptual, methodological and procedural—that need to be considered in further development and implementation efforts.Data are available upon request. ER -