RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Moral dilemmas in surgical training: intent and the case for ethical ambiguity. JF Journal of Medical Ethics JO J Med Ethics FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Institute of Medical Ethics SP 207 OP 211 DO 10.1136/jme.12.4.207 VO 12 IS 4 A1 M J Newton YR 1986 UL http://jme.bmj.com/content/12/4/207.abstract AB It is often assumed that the central problem in a medical ethics issue is determining which course of action is morally correct. There are some aspects of ethical issues that will yield to such analysis. However, at the core of important medical moral problems is an irreducible dilemma in which all possible courses of action, including inaction, seem ethically unsatisfactory. When facing these issues ethical behaviour depends upon an individual's understanding and acceptance of this painful dilemma without recourse to external moral authority.