When is surgery research? Towards an operational definition of human research

Curtis E Margo

doi:10.1136/jme.27.1.40

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When is surgery research? Towards an operational definition of human research

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Online download statistics by month: March 2001 to March 2024

	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Mar 2001	15	63	28
Apr 2001	15	94	28
May 2001	4	16	8
Jun 2001	3	29	20
Jul 2001	9	21	9
Aug 2001	2	22	9
Sep 2001	6	12	2
Oct 2001	4	26	0
Nov 2001	8	79	13
Dec 2001	4	17	5
Jan 2002	0	36	6
Feb 2002	4	25	2
Mar 2002	3	31	10
Apr 2002	3	42	9
May 2002	3	29	12
Jun 2002	2	14	7
Jul 2002	0	8	7
Aug 2002	4	13	3
Sep 2002	4	30	3
Oct 2002	3	16	7
Nov 2002	5	25	6
Dec 2002	3	25	3
Jan 2003	7	22	5
Feb 2003	8	26	7
Mar 2003	3	19	5
Apr 2003	2	18	9
May 2003	4	19	5
Jun 2003	13	37	19
Jul 2003	15	32	11
Aug 2003	12	34	11
Sep 2003	19	58	19
Oct 2003	12	100	5
Nov 2003	17	33	7
Dec 2003	10	18	3
Jan 2004	24	152	6
Feb 2004	8	102	9
Mar 2004	13	42	2
Apr 2004	18	18	4
May 2004	44	48	5
Jun 2004	42	46	2
Jul 2004	43	52	10
Aug 2004	48	51	4
Sep 2004	47	60	5
Oct 2004	41	67	3
Nov 2004	30	53	8
Dec 2004	26	38	2
Jan 2005	30	54	4
Feb 2005	18	31	11
Mar 2005	22	54	9
Apr 2005	10	57	17
May 2005	12	68	6
Jun 2005	10	28	6
Jul 2005	9	31	11
Aug 2005	9	23	7
Sep 2005	12	48	7
Oct 2005	19	48	13
Nov 2005	22	48	14
Dec 2005	12	35	21
Jan 2006	11	36	18
Feb 2006	9	16	10
Mar 2006	12	20	10
Apr 2006	10	24	11
May 2006	28	22	9
Jun 2006	12	16	5
Jul 2006	11	13	5
Aug 2006	13	13	5
Sep 2006	16	20	11
Oct 2006	30	45	21
Nov 2006	24	41	16
Dec 2006	19	24	8
Jan 2007	8	34	12
Feb 2007	21	41	25
Mar 2007	32	35	24
Apr 2007	36	10	12
May 2007	19	3	3
Jun 2007	25	21	13
Jul 2007	17	10	11
Aug 2007	20	4	8
Sep 2007	27	11	10
Oct 2007	38	10	6
Nov 2007	23	9	4
Dec 2007	19	4	3
Jan 2008	21	5	7
Feb 2008	33	8	8
Mar 2008	25	6	6
Apr 2008	30	4	7
May 2008	11	3	3
Jun 2008	25	6	4
Jul 2008	27	3	7
Aug 2008	23	4	5
Sep 2008	37	5	6
Oct 2008	17	4	2
Nov 2008	18	5	4
Dec 2008	15	4	5
Jan 2009	15	5	7
Feb 2009	16	5	4
Mar 2009	18	2	3
Apr 2009	11	9	4
May 2009	17	4	5
Jun 2009	9	1	4
Jul 2009	12	7	3
Aug 2009	24	4	7
Sep 2009	21	3	7
Oct 2009	25	4	2
Nov 2009	17	7	10
Dec 2009	22	3	3
Jan 2010	19	4	6
Feb 2010	16	7	6
Mar 2010	18	6	4
Apr 2010	15	14	10
May 2010	15	1	3
Jun 2010	11	8	7
Jul 2010	9	3	7
Aug 2010	10	13	6
Sep 2010	9	7	4
Oct 2010	10	3	2
Nov 2010	14	8	6
Dec 2010	6	3	1
Jan 2011	11	5	4
Feb 2011	14	10	7
Mar 2011	28	6	4
Apr 2011	21	4	6
May 2011	18	9	4
Jun 2011	10	2	5
Jul 2011	30	5	3
Aug 2011	16	0	4
Sep 2011	15	3	3
Oct 2011	25	3	7
Nov 2011	36	5	3
Dec 2011	21	10	9
Jan 2012	22	12	11
Feb 2012	20	8	7
Mar 2012	26	9	10
Apr 2012	23	9	7
May 2012	17	7	18
Jun 2012	30	10	19
Jul 2012	14	7	12
Aug 2012	11	10	12
Sep 2012	27	22	30
Oct 2012	37	14	15
Nov 2012	36	12	13
Dec 2012	24	7	7
Jan 2013	35	17	14
Feb 2013	24	12	9
Mar 2013	36	23	15
Apr 2013	48	18	13
May 2013	26	8	10
Jun 2013	13	4	7
Jul 2013	16	4	8
Aug 2013	17	9	10
Sep 2013	21	8	9
Oct 2013	27	5	7
Nov 2013	25	7	4
Dec 2013	21	7	21
Jan 2014	12	9	10
Feb 2014	6	5	9
Mar 2014	26	5	20
Apr 2014	14	8	15
May 2014	30	7	14
Jun 2014	11	5	11
Jul 2014	15	4	10
Aug 2014	11	11	22
Sep 2014	9	10	3
Oct 2014	15	5	2
Nov 2014	6	9	2
Dec 2014	7	5	2
Jan 2015	12	4	8
Feb 2015	15	3	11
Mar 2015	25	12	5
Apr 2015	11	8	7
May 2015	19	5	4
Jun 2015	3	6	2
Jul 2015	6	4	4
Aug 2015	6	8	3
Sep 2015	16	8	3
Oct 2015	14	5	1
Nov 2015	8	3	3
Dec 2015	9	1	11
Jan 2016	9	4	11
Feb 2016	21	15	7
Mar 2016	16	5	10
Apr 2016	9	16	7
May 2016	3	13	6
Jun 2016	14	12	11
Jul 2016	8	10	7
Aug 2016	18	8	4
Sep 2016	8	11	2
Oct 2016	18	21	5
Nov 2016	19	22	3
Dec 2016	16	7	1
Jan 2017	19	19	3
Feb 2017	5	14	4
Mar 2017	4	8	1
Apr 2017	2	21	2
May 2017	1	22	4
Jun 2017	7	16	2
Jul 2017	17	12	6
Aug 2017	10	8	3
Sep 2017	31	27	6
Oct 2017	40	38	11
Nov 2017	38	38	3
Dec 2017	38	32	9
Jan 2018	35	31	5
Feb 2018	52	42	5
Mar 2018	61	47	5
Apr 2018	108	102	13
May 2018	84	77	5
Jun 2018	71	68	2
Jul 2018	50	51	5
Aug 2018	58	58	7
Sep 2018	45	45	6
Oct 2018	110	110	8
Nov 2018	93	91	8
Dec 2018	90	90	1
Jan 2019	96	92	0
Feb 2019	108	104	3
Mar 2019	67	57	28
Apr 2019	39	35	21
May 2019	84	76	13
Jun 2019	97	87	222
Jul 2019	85	80	344
Aug 2019	94	92	354
Sep 2019	95	88	365
Oct 2019	63	57	125
Nov 2019	67	53	90
Dec 2019	43	39	80
Jan 2020	66	61	31
Feb 2020	53	50	24
Mar 2020	34	28	20
Apr 2020	28	26	14
May 2020	47	41	23
Jun 2020	47	45	10
Jul 2020	48	42	17
Aug 2020	53	45	37
Sep 2020	72	65	19
Oct 2020	113	96	26
Nov 2020	70	60	13
Dec 2020	64	52	16
Jan 2021	66	60	19
Feb 2021	30	30	8
Mar 2021	27	21	1
Apr 2021	56	28	12
May 2021	25	18	9
Jun 2021	14	14	9
Jul 2021	23	23	8
Aug 2021	39	39	12
Sep 2021	52	53	7
Oct 2021	63	55	24
Nov 2021	60	37	26
Dec 2021	69	58	14
Jan 2022	86	67	14
Feb 2022	61	53	5
Mar 2022	93	80	22
Apr 2022	57	47	8
May 2022	51	45	20
Jun 2022	48	38	13
Jul 2022	45	41	8
Aug 2022	47	42	11
Sep 2022	55	39	20
Oct 2022	75	60	16
Nov 2022	67	57	7
Dec 2022	48	37	7
Jan 2023	40	35	12
Feb 2023	51	48	6
Mar 2023	62	55	12
Apr 2023	42	33	9
May 2023	48	39	9
Jun 2023	45	41	7
Jul 2023	44	43	11
Aug 2023	33	29	11
Sep 2023	77	67	7
Oct 2023	59	56	11
Nov 2023	78	60	8
Dec 2023	71	7	2
Jan 2024	49	5	0
Feb 2024	24	0	0
Mar 2024	152	1	3
Total	8056	7717	3964

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