The subject is approached from the standpoint of the debates and events of the "Baby Doe era," from 1982 to 1985. Historic episodes of mass infanticide and practices in other cultures, while often cited as warnings of moral peril, are difficult to apply to the problem of infant euthanasia. Key cases in American courts are reviewed, although no standard pattern of analysis is found to have emerged. The two streams of policy making at the national level, from the Department of Health and Human Services and the Congress, have effectively led back to underlying ethical dilemmas about the proper interpretation of the infant patient's best interests. The conclusion alludes to several issues that neonatal ethics has yet to confront.