New techniques on embryo manipulation
Introduction
Embryo manipulation techniques, such as in vitro culture, pre-implantational embryo diagnosis, as well as embryo cryopreservation, have allowed us to apply innovative strategies in assisted human reproduction; nevertheless, the gamete and embryo multiplication are two new potential technologies to consider.
This paper presents current knowledge concerning embryo multiplication techniques used in livestock production and discusses some possible applications in humans.
Section snippets
Gamete multiplication
Gamete multiplication or hemicloning technology refers to obtaining either haploid paternal or maternal embryos in such a way that blastomeres from a single embryo should be considered as a clone of the original gamete (mice, Surani et al., 1986 rabbits, Escribá and Garcı́a-Ximénez, 2001). However, due to the imprinting phenomenon, these uniparental embryos exhibit limited development and never give rise into normal offspring. ‘Imprinting’ is a process that leads to the silencing of a gene on
Embryo multiplication
Embryo multiplication refers to cloning embryos by NT or by embryo splitting technologies.
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2012, Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyCitation Excerpt :Because early embryonic cells are totipotent [13,16], the possibility of splitting the blastomeres from cleavage-stage embryos in order to increase the number of embryos available for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment has recently been discussed [12,14].
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2006, Fertility and SterilityCitation Excerpt :The nonsplit control embryos showed a consistent blastocyst developmental rate of 91.5%, 90.0%, and 91.1% for the first, second, and third split, respectively, and served as a baseline for comparing the efficiency of these three serial splitting procedures with regard to blastocyst multiplication. Embryo splitting to create monozygotic twins or multiples has been reported successful for a variety of mammalian species (11, 22, 23). In various studies on farm animals, embryo splitting via blastomere biopsy from two- and four-cell–stage embryos most efficiently resulted in live-born twins (9, 10, 17).
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