Sample of studies that did not met our inclusion criteria
| Author (year) | Population | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome | Result | |
| Trial | Friedman et al (2015)20 | Patients with lower back pain | Naproxen+cyclobenzaprine or naproxen+oxycodone/acetometophen | Naproxen+Placebo | Improvement in Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire assessment of lower back pain | Adding cyclobenzaprine or oxycodone/acetaminophen to naproxen alone did not improve functional outcomes or pain at 1-week follow-up. |
| Systematic review | Roelofs et al (2008)21 | Patients with acute and chronic back pain | NSAIDs | Placebo | Short-term symptomatic relief | Effective for short-term symptomatic relief in lower or chronic back pain |
| Trial | Philipsen et al (2015)22 | Adults with ADHD | Cognitive behavioural group psychotherapy and methylphenidate hydrochloride | Cognitive behavioural group psychotherapy was compared with clinical management; methylphenidate compared with placebo | Change in the ADHD index of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale | Group intervention did not outperform individual clinical management. Psychological interventions resulted in better outcomes in first year when combined with methylphenidate compared with placebo |
| Systematic review | Verbeeck et al (2009)23 | Adults with ADHD | Antidepressant agents or bupropion | Placebo | Beneficial effect as measured with the Clinical Global Improvement Scale | Evidence base for treatment of ADHD with antidepressants is not large enough |
| Trial | Levin et al (2015)24 | Adults with ADHD and cocaine use disorder | Extended-release mixed amphetamine salts | Placebo | 30% reduction in ADHD symptom severity measured by adult ADHD investigator symptom rating scale; cocaine-negative weeks—abstinence for 3 weeks | Extended-release mixed amphetamine salts in robust doses along with cognitive behavioural therapy are effective for treatment of co-occurring ADHD and cocaine use disorder, both improving ADHD symptoms and reducing cocaine use. |
| Systematic review | Magon and muller (2012)25 | Adult ADHD with substance use disorder | Methylphenidate, amphetamines, pemoline, modafinil, atomoxetine, bupropion (stimulants and non-stimulants) | Placebo | Improvement of ADHD symtpoms and substance use disorder | Given the lack of robust evidence for pharmacological interventions in patients with ADHD and substance use disorder, clinicians should make an effort to offer their patients a combination of medication and psychotherapeutic interventions. |
| Trial | Hatemi et al (2015)26 | Patients with Behcet’s syndrome and oral ulcers | Apremilast | Placebo | Number of ulcers at week 12 | Efficacy of apremilast in reducing oral ulcers was shown |
| Systematic review | Taylor et al (2011)27 | Patients with Behcet’s syndrome and oral ulcers | Various interventions | Placebo | Pain, episode duration or episode frequency associated with oral ulcers, or safety of the interventions | There was insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of any included intervention with regard to pain, episode duration or episode frequency associated with oral ulcers or the safety of the interventions. |
| Trial | Feagan et al (2016)28 | Patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis | Ozanimod | Placebo | Clinical remission at 8 weeks | Ozanimod at a daily dose of 1 mg resulted in a slightly higher rate of clinical remission of ulcerative colitis than placebo |
| Systematic review | Christophorou et al (2015)29 | Patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis | Combination of infliximab and immunosuppressant therapy (IFX-IS) | Infliximab alone | Clinical remission at 4–6 months | Combination therapy with IFX-IS is more effective than IFX alone for achieving and maintaining clinical remission at 4–6 months for patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, regardless of prior IS use. |
ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.