Fraudulent papers | Erroneous papers | χ2 or t value | p Value | |||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Sample (n) | 197 | – | 545 | – | – | – |
Journal impact factor | 8.99 | 10.24 | 6.29 | 8.52 | 3.595 | <0.001 |
Repeat offenders, n (%) | 105 (53.3) | – | 100 (18.4) | – | 88.403 | <0.0001 |
No of authors per paper | 5.82 | 3.63 | 4.86 | 3.13 | 3.529 | <0.001 |
Months to retraction | 28.41 | 22.87 | 22.72 | 20.84 | 3.193 | <0.005 |