Concealment of allocation | | <0.01 | | 0.01 |
Yes‡ | 1 (ref) | | 1 (ref) | |
No | 1.95 (1.19–3.18) | | 1.72 (1.13–2.60) | |
Justification of unblinded trials | | 0.72 | | <0.01 |
Yes‡ | 1 (ref) | | 1 (ref) | |
No | 1.09 (0.69–1.72) | | 1.75 (1.16–2.64) | |
Type of treatment for control group | | <0.01 | | 0.35 |
Placebo‡ | 1 (ref) | | 1 (ref) | |
No treatment | 4.23 (2.15–8.31) | | 1.66 (0.90–3.06) | |
Alternative active treatment | 1.96 (1.13–3.39) | | 1.33 (0.82–2.13) | |
Not a proper control group | 2.59 (0.64–10.47) | | 1.93 (0.58–6.42) | |
Reporting of statistical methods | | 0.09 | | 0.01 |
Yes: some information reported‡ | 1 (ref) | | 1 (ref) | |
No information about statistical methods | 2.13 (0.88–5.14) | | 2.96 (1.24–7.03) | |
Sample size estimation | | <0.01 | | 0.046 |
Shown‡ | 1 (ref) | | 1 (ref) | |
Not shown | 1.94 (1.22–3.08) | | 1.50 (1.01–2.23) | |
Rules to stop the trial | | 0.12 | | 0.07 |
Reported‡ | 1 (ref) | | 1 (ref) | |
Not reported | 1.21 (0.95–1.54) | | 1.24 (0.98–1.57) | |
Baseline comparison of groups | | 0.36 | | 0.03 |
Presented‡ | 1 (ref) | | 1 (ref) | |
Not presented | 1.31 (0.74–2.32) | | 1.85 (1.09–3.14) | |
Outcome | | <0.01 | | 0.03 |
Survival‡ | 1 (ref) | | 1 (ref) | |
Other | 0.41 (0.24–0.72) | | 0.59 (0.37–0.95) | |