Footnotes

• Competing interests None.

• Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

• ↵i NIH Curriculum Supplement Series – Exploring Bioethics: Grades 9–122 was developed in part by philosophers.

• ↵ii Kamm herself notes that the goal of promoting the best consequences can override the norms constitutive of being a scientist (p. 528).

• ↵iii For example, the commissioner might be against euthanasia if it involves killing, but be permissive if it involves merely letting someone die. If a philosopher were to claim that there is no morally relevant difference between killing and letting die, as support for permitting some acts of euthanasia that are killings, the commissioner might conclude instead that no cases of euthanasia are permissible (p. 528; see also pp. 529 and 532–533 for other examples).

• ↵iv Perhaps this idea is what Kamm is getting at in note 11, p. 546.