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Journal of Medical Ethics 2007;33:357-361; doi:10.1136/jme.2006.019901
Copyright © 2007 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & Institute of Medical Ethics.
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GLOBAL MEDICAL ETHICS

Male circumcision and HIV prevention

Male circumcision and HIV prevention: ethical, medical and public health tradeoffs in low-income countries

Stuart Rennie1, Adamson S Muula2, Daniel Westreich3

1 Departments of Dental Ecology and Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
2 Department of Community Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
3 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

Correspondence to:
Dr S Rennie
School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA; stuart_rennie@unc.edu Original version received 15 November 2006

Revised version received 9 January 2007

Accepted for publication 31 January 2007

Ethical challenges surrounding the implementation of male circumcision as an HIV prevention strategy

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Researchers have been exploring the possibility of a correlation between male circumcision and lowered risk of HIV infection almost since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.1 Results from a randomised controlled trial in South Africa in 2005 indicate that male circumcision protects men against the acquisition of HIV through heterosexual intercourse,2 confirming the findings from 20 years of observational studies.3 Circumcised men in the South African trial were 60% (95% CI 32% to 76%) less likely to acquire HIV than their uncircumcised counterparts. A mathematical modelling study, based on the South African trial, estimates that the practice of male circumcision could avert two million new HIV infections and 300 000 HIV-related deaths over the next 10 years in sub-Saharan Africa.4 More recently, two randomised controlled trials in Kisumu, Kenya and Rakai, Uganda showed, respectively, 53% and 48% reductions in HIV acquisition among circumcised men than . . . [Full text of this article]




eLetters:

Read all eLetters

Male circumcision as a public health policy: ethical challenges
Michel L. GARENNE
JME Online, 3 Jul 2007 [Full text]
Circumcised by Force
Michael Glass
JME Online, 18 Jul 2007 [Full text]
Muddled thinking and unsubstantiated assumptions
Robert S. Van Howe
JME Online, 2 Jan 2008 [Full text]

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Copyright © 2007 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & Institute of Medical Ethics.